Pemerolehan Bahasa Pada Anak Usia Dini: Analisis Teoretis dan Dinamika Faktor Lingkungan dalam Perspektif Studi Literatur Kontemporer (2021-2026)

Abstract

Language acquisition in early childhood is one of the most complex cognitive wonders, involving a rapid and systematic process of internalizing symbol systems during the golden age. This article aims to theoretically analyze the mechanisms of language acquisition and map the dynamics of environmental factors through a contemporary literature review perspective spanning 2021–2026. The research method employed is a systematic library research of accredited national and international journals (Sinta and Scopus) utilizing the PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) framework. Analysis results indicate that while humans possess an innate biological potential known as the Language Acquisition Device (LAD), successful development heavily relies on the quality of social interaction or the Language Acquisition Support System (LASS). In the digital era, the use of information technology presents a paradox; on one hand, it can enhance literacy through interactive educational content, yet on the other, it poses a risk of speech delay and social isolation if not actively mediated by parents. Early childhood education (PAUD) institutions play a vital role in providing a secondary social environment through scaffolding strategies and play-based learning to optimize children's communicative competence. This article concludes that the synergy between high-quality family stimulation, inclusive school environments, and wise digital media management is the primary key to supporting holistic language development in children.